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How to construct a line tangent to two given circles of different sizes?
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1. |
| Start with the given circles.
If the smaller circle lies completely inside the larger circle, there are no such lines.
First case:
the smaller circle lies inside the larger circle, and has a tangent point in common.
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2. |
| Draw a line from the center of the larger circle to the common tangent point.
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3. |
| Construct a line perpendicular to line 2, passing through the tangent point.
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4. |
| Line 3 is the line to be constructed: it is tangent to both circles.
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5. |
| Second case:
the smaller circle lies partly inside and partly outside the larger circle; they intersect at two points.
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6. |
| Draw a line from the center of the larger to the center of the smaller circle.
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7. |
| Construct two lines perpendicular to line 6, each passing through one of the two centers.
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8. |
| Draw a line from the intersection of the larger circle and the corresponding line 7 (passing through its center), to the intersection of the smaller circle and the other line 7, both at the same side of line 6.
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9. |
| Extend lines 6 and 8 until they intersect.
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10. |
| Construct a line from the intersection of lines 9, tangent to the larger circle. Notice, that there are two such lines.
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11. |
| Lines 10 are the lines to be constructed: they both are tangent to both circles. In this case, there are two such lines.
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12. |
| Third case:
the smaller circle lies outside the larger circle, and has a tangent point in common. This is a combination of the first and second cases.
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13. |
| Draw the connecting line between the centers.
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14. |
| Construct the perpendicular line through the common tangent point.
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15. |
| Construct the perpendicular lines through the centers of both circles.
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16. |
| Draw the connecting line between the corresponding intersections. Extend this line and line 13, until they intersect.
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17. |
| Construct two lines from this intersection, tangent to the larger circle.
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18. |
| Lines 14 and 17 are the lines to be constructed: they are tangent to both circles. In this case, there are three such lines.
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19. |
| Fourth case:
the smaller circle lies completely outside the larger circle.
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20. |
| Draw the connecting line between the centers of the two circles.
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21. |
| Construct two lines perpendicular to line 20, each passing through one of the two centers.
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22. |
| Draw the connecting line between the intersections of the circles and the corresponding lines 21, both at the same side of line 20.
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23. |
| Extend lines 20 and 22, until they intersect.
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24. |
| Draw the connecting line between the intersections of the circles and the corresponding lines 21, both at different sides of line 20.
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25. |
| Construct two lines, from the intersection of lines 23, tangent to the larger circle.
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26. |
| Construct two lines, from the intersection of lines 20 and 24, tangent to the larger circle, and extend these lines upto the smaller circle.
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27. |
| Lines 25 and 26 are the lines to be constructed: they are tangent to both circles. In this case, there are four such lines.
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